This was produced for the Märklin Insider Club and only limited numbers were produced, but it may be found on the second-hand market. If you are considering gradients, it might be an idea to purchase the spirit level wagon produced by Märklin, part number 86191. It is also possible that, by using DCC Concept's N Scale PowerBase, this could be overcome, provided the magnet fitted to the locomotive does not foul on any points or crossovers.ĭCDCX-PBKITN Powerbase is the answer to gradient problems. This will also restrict the length of trains possible but techniques such as double heading and/or banking could help out. Given, as mentioned in Part 1, that Z scale locomotives are light and thus lack much pulling power, gradients should be restricted to no more than 3% or, in round figures, 1 in 40. Generally a layout can look more impressive and interesting if it is spread over several levels. This greatly enhances the running of trains and the smooth operation of the layout. I found that it is always better to come off points with a fixed piece of track before hitting the flexible track.
The stiffness of the flexible track causes the joint with the points to misalign and results in poor running of trains. I would however add from personal experience that connecting flexible track to continue the curvature of points in this scale is not recommended. Peco in the UK also produce lengths of Z scale flexible track! Whether you use the fixed track or the flexible track is your choice, but for longer straights and gentle sweeping curves, flexible track makes a good choice. Whilst both Märklin and Rokuhan produce starter sets, they also produce a wide range of fixed track, straights, curves, points (straight or curved), crossings, as well as lengths of flexible track. Whilst attending the recent Zedex show, I also discovered that there is at least one company producing British outline body shells to fit on Märklin chassis! The Next Stage
This time, I'll take a look at expanding on these starter sets to build a larger layout and also consider the wider world of Z scale. It is used to find the area between z = 0 and any positive value, and reference the area to the right-hand side of the standard deviation curve.In Part One, I looked briefly at the history of Z scale, its pros and cons and also at some of the starter sets available. Although there are a number of types of z-tables, the right-tail z-table is commonly what is meant when a z-table is referenced. Z-tableĪ z-table, also known as a standard normal table or unit normal table, is a table that consists of standardized values that are used to determine the probability that a given statistic is below, above, or between the standard normal distribution. The z-score has numerous applications and can be used to perform a z-test, calculate prediction intervals, process control applications, comparison of scores on different scales, and more. Where x is the raw score, μ is the population mean, and σ is the population standard deviation. The z-score can be calculated by subtracting the population mean from the raw score, or data point in question (a test score, height, age, etc.), then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation: z = Values above the mean have positive z-scores, while values below the mean have negative z-scores. The z-score, also referred to as standard score, z-value, and normal score, among other things, is a dimensionless quantity that is used to indicate the signed, fractional, number of standard deviations by which an event is above the mean value being measured. Use this calculator to find the probability (area P in the diagram) between two z-scores. This is the equivalent of referencing a z-table. Please provide any one value to convert between z-score and probability. Use this calculator to compute the z-score of a normal distribution. Home / math / z-score calculator Z-score Calculator